Cancer screening: what to know and where to get tested

Finding cancer early saves lives. Screening finds some cancers before you notice symptoms, when treatments are simpler and outcomes better. If you live in Africa, screening access varies, but a few clear steps help you get tested and stay on top of your health.

Which tests matter? Start with the big four: breast, cervical, colorectal and prostate. For breast cancer, mammograms are standard for women aged about 40–74, usually every 1–2 years depending on risk. Cervical screening uses Pap smears or HPV tests — many guidelines suggest starting in your early 20s and testing every 3–5 years. For colorectal cancer, stool-based FIT tests are easy and affordable; if positive, follow-up colonoscopy is needed. Prostate screening is a discussion: PSA blood tests and exams are offered from about 50, earlier if you have family history. Lung screening with low-dose CT is for heavy smokers and not a routine option for everyone.

How to prepare. For a Pap smear, avoid sex, tampons or vaginal medicines 48 hours before the test and try not to book during heavy bleeding. For mammograms, wear a two-piece outfit, avoid deodorant or lotion under the arms and tell the radiographer about implants. For stool tests, follow collection instructions carefully — many clinics give clear kits. For PSA or other blood tests, follow fasting or medication advice from your clinic.

Where to get screened in Africa

You can get screened at public hospitals, regional clinics, private hospitals and NGO programs. University hospitals and cancer centers offer more options in big cities. Mobile clinics and community outreach run screening days in rural areas — ask local health workers about upcoming events. Check your country’s ministry of health website or call a local clinic to learn which tests are subsidized or free.

Costs and common barriers. Cost, distance, and stigma stop people from testing. Look for free screening days from charities or government programs, and ask whether your employer or community center offers health drives. If cost is a problem, talk to social services, local NGOs or faith-based groups — many help cover tests or refer you to low-cost providers.

What test results mean

A normal screening result usually means routine follow-up. An abnormal result is not a diagnosis — it often leads to repeat tests, imaging or a biopsy. Ask your clinician to explain next steps, timelines and who will follow up. Keep copies of results and get a second opinion if you feel unsure.

Small actions add up. Keep a record of your tests, know your family history and take advantage of community screening days. If you notice unusual symptoms — lumps, unexplained bleeding, persistent cough or weight loss — see a health worker promptly. Talk openly with your family and encourage friends to get screened too.

Want help finding services? Contact your clinic, local health worker or ministry of health. Early checks can make a big difference. Book a test today — early action often saves lives.